2 Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

2 Questions - Assignment Example Liking - so now that the consumer is fully aware and knowledgeable about the product, he begins to relate the product with itself and establishes a connection. At this stage, the marketer should already know which level consumers feel the product and should draft their ad campaigns accordingly. It is best for the marketer to now evaluate his consumer base as to whether they think the company offers a better product than its competitors. Conviction - the second to the last stage. Now the consumer is hit with strong advertising and reasons to want to purchase the product over the competitors. A conviction must be created within the mind of the client to support the product. So the marketer must push the advertisement in such a way that the consumer will feel that the competitors cannot compete with this particular brand. Purchase - the final step in the buyer readiness - stage. The effective product information dissemination and strong advertising push creates a conviction within the clients mind that gives him the confidence to push through with the purchase of the product. Once the sale occurs within the consumer base of the product, then the marketer can effectively say that he has done his job properly. 2. An appeal is what an advertiser doe sin order to get a consumer to purchase a product or service. There are three types of appeals that are commonly used in advertising by marketers. These appeal types are known as: Ethical Appeal - this is an appeal targeted at at someones or somethings image. The public does not normally come across this type of advertising unless it is election season. This is because politicians use this advertising platform to present themselves in a better light than the other candidates, oftentimes using criticisms to make them more appealing to the voter. Consumers though, normally do not use this kind of dialog unless they are writing to a company to complain

2. Why, when and by whom was the NAACP founded Assess its Essay

2. Why, when and by whom was the NAACP founded Assess its effectiveness - Essay Example The founders included WEB Dubois (African American), William English Walling (Caucasian) and Ida Wells-Barnett (German-born Caucasian). Other White liberals who participated in the formation include Mary White and Henry Moscowitz. Early members of NAACP include Jane Addams, Mary Talbert, Charles Russell, George White and Ray Baker. Following the Niagara Movement (1905) objectives, NAACP clearly stated that it was focused on ensuring civil rights of all people that were provided by 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments of the Constitution that provided equal legal rights and abolishment of slavery2. In 1915, NAACP petitioned showing of the birth of a nation film. In 1919, NAACP organized a symposium and published the â€Å"thirty years of lynching in the United States 1899-1918†. NAACP supported the Anti-lynching bill that was destined to ending instances of lynching in America but the Senate rejected the bill. Another notable contribution was involvement in Harlem Renaissance where Black Americans wanted more rights to engage in artistic and intellectual activities in the society. Through the tireless efforts of NAACP, many Blacks became respected authors, dancers, singers and artists in 1920s and 1930s. NAACP also helped the minority households who faced harsh economic situation during the Great Depression by advocating for the reduction in taxes. The organization campaigned for the end of racial discrimination in the armed forces and other State defense industries. President Roosevelt finally accepted to allow minorities to participate in thousands of State jobs after NAACP threatened to organize public marches in 1941. The struggle for equality in employment led to the establishment of Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) that was supposed to ensure fairness in employment matters3. NAACP participated in ending racial segregation. Thurgood Marshall, the head of educational and legal defense fund,

Single Party States Notes Essay Example for Free

Single Party States Notes Essay Single Party States notes From: Topic 3- Themes and Exams Tips Chapter: â€Å"Origins and development of authoritarian and single party states† â€Å"What constitutes an authoritarian or single-party state? † Country or state to be classed as an authoritarian or single party state: * Only one legal political party A leader chosen by or from the military following a revolution * Group or leader that controls the state even though there are existing parties * Jean Kirkpatrick (US ambassador-United Nations) once expressed that authoritarian state was â€Å"better than† a totalitarian state- a chance that it would move towards democracy (p. o. v expressed during the Cold War) Characteristics in common- authoritarian or single-party: * Little-no freedom of speech * No freedom of: * Assembly (government must approve meetings) * To travel abroad No idependent judicial system * All sources of information censored * Any idea against the regime will be harshly punished (opposition to them) * â€Å"A leader whose popularity is reinforced by personality cult† Not all states the share charactersistcs some are less oppressive but they all share the strict control over the freedom of the people and use different methods to hold on to power. The age of Kings and Emperors ended with WWI 20th century one of the bloodiest century in history- includes 2 major world wars Left and right wing: Left- wing: Describes the single party, leaders and states that are communist or socialist. Example: Nasser, Stalin, Mao, Castro and Neyerere Right wing: Most fascist leaders of the 20th century began their political careers as members of socialist parties. Fascist leaders and states – right wing Examples: Hitler, Mussoluni and Franco Policies supportive of capitalism as an economic system, ultra nationalist, some cases they promoted religion as a way to unite the people. Right wing ideologies| Left wing ideologies| Facism (in Italy and Nazism-Germany) * Socialist (intended to appeal lower classes) * Strongly nationalistic and considered communism to be a threat| * Widespread ideology (20th C) was communism * â€Å"All people are equal† * â€Å"No private property to protect† * Will to bring the ideal state| Socialism: Characteristics: redistribution of wealth through taxation, the state owns the major industries like coal and steel, the state owns the â€Å"mon opolies† such as the water, transportation and communications, free education and health care for all. This criterion became known as ‘welfare state’. (Gov. hould control ensure the basic standard living for al citizens) Stages of communism: 1) Primitive communisms: â€Å"No monopoly over the means of production† 2) Feudalism: â€Å"Agricultural-based communities developed into kingdoms and powerful rulers took ownership of the land and the people who farmed it† 3) Capitalism: â€Å"commercial activities- trading in manufactured goods† 4) Communism: no private properties, people contribute with their skills, taking only what they needed. No laws to protect wealth and property From States, Governments and Ideologies: The State: * Sovereign state: is independent of all others Way in which is governed- Constitution: basic laws- lay down the power and duties of many institutions and officials of government * Rule of law * Arbitrary government * Sovereignty * States -3 kinds: Unitary states, federal and confederations * Held state – embodies the nation and represents it * Monarchy, republic * Legitimacy, device right of kings (constitutional monarchs) president (republic state) Government: * â€Å"Those persons and institution of state which exercise the power in accordance with the constitution† * Head of the state head of the government (prime ministers) * Executive, cabinet Legislative—making laws (unicameral, bicameral) * Separation of powers, presidential system of government, parliamentary system of government Changes of Government By legal means: (elections) majority system and proportional system—coalition By force: rebellion, revolution, provisional government, co nstituent assembly, new constitution, and peaceful revolution Political Ideologies:( framework theories) Implicit ideologies (propaganda designed etc) * Conservatism * Liberalism Reformist Ideologies: critique of existing society, describe the ideal society would be like, prescriptions from the living situation to the ideal * Socialism: reaction to injustices of the capitalist economic system (social democrats, syndicalist, revolutionary socialists) Marxism: â€Å"an industrialized society, the working class would revolt and take over the ruling class, and would in effect, create a classes society * Anarchism: fight against the order, don’t want any authority Incomplete Ideologies: * Racism * Nationalism * Social Darwinism From: Authoritarianism, Fascism and Totalitarianism Authoritarianism,| Fascism| Totalitarianism| * Ruled by threat or fear * â€Å"Black or white† posture (in or out) * Outlawed the opposition * Enforce their control by torture, execution, etc. * Motivated by patriotism * Resorting law and order * Defending country against the threat of Bolshevism * Leading a regeneration of the nation * Employed and censored the media| * Lower middle class radicalism * Deliberate diversion of the workers * Radical populist solution to the problem of restoring the â€Å"hegemony† of the dominant class| * Subordinate all aspects od the individual’s life to the authority of the gov. Official ideology * Single mass party * Terroristic police control of the population * Monopoly control of the media * Monopoly control of the arms * Central control of the economyâ€Å"worthless- creation of Cold War propaganda- designed to tie the Soviet system together with that of the Nazis† – some historians|

Publication of Charlotte Bronte’s Shirley :: Essays Papeers

Publication of Charlotte Bronte’s Shirley Background on Charlotte Bronte Maria Brandwell Bronte gave birth to Charlotte, her third child out of six within the span of seven years, on April 12, 1816 in Bradford, Yorkshire. Charlotte began her schooling at the Clergy Daughter’s School on August 10, 1824, but due to harsh conditions at the school she returned after only one year. Upon returning home she was schooled by her aunt, and then attended Roe Head in 1831. Charlotte struggled finding an occupation that she enjoyed. She became a teacher at Roe Head, but she hated the way it was run and left shortly thereafter. She also tried to be a governess twice, but due to her shy nature and the fact that she missed her sisters so dearly, she returned home. Charlotte’s thirst for knowledge took her to Brussels with her sister Emily, where she learned French, German, and management skills. After Charlotte’s trip to Brussels, she had a streak of bad luck. In 1844 she attempted to open her own school, but failed. She then wrote a collection of poems with her sisters entitled Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton, but only sold two copies. She then decided to write her own novel, The Professor in 1846, but could not get it published. She attempted six different times, but no one would publish her book. Charlotte Bronte obtained her fame in 1874 when she published her first novel, Jane Eyre, which was an immediate success. Bronte did not want to use her real name, so at this time she called herself Currer Bell. Following Jane Eyre, Bronte wrote Shirley in 1848, but her second novel did not go over well with the public. In 1853, Bronte wrote Villette as a third novel, which was another success for her. Charlotte Bronte’s life began to take a turn for the better. She got married in 1854 to Arthur Bell Nicholls, who was her father’s curate. Unfortunately, she died on March 31, 1855, just a year after her marriage to Nicholls. She died from a digestive tract infection, and her unborn child died with her. It was said that she contracted this disease from her servant, Toby. Although Charlotte Bronte faced many setbacks throughout her life, she will forever remain an outstanding Victorian novelist because of her talented writing style.

Is Tiger That Great? :: essays research papers

There has been a vast amount of media exposure on Tiger Woods. The media made Tiger Woods out to be some sort of golf god that nobody could beat and he was totally reshaping the way the game was played. We did not believe that that Tiger Woods was really as good as the media said he was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First off, we went to http://www.pgatour.com and http://www.tigerwoods.com to collect our data. We found the average scores of the top 100 PGA tour players. We found that Tiger Woods was actually ranked in second place, one spot behind the scoring average leader, David Duval. However, there are currently somewhere in the neighborhood of 400 players playing the PGA Tour. It’s not too bad to beat 398 of them! As a second to this incredible piece of information, came Woods’ biography and career statistics. Astounding considering his short professional career. All of these observations combined with our own calculations have changed our earlier mentioned view. After hours of research and study we have found Woods to be a great player. This change of heart led to our hypothesis: Even without the media hype Tiger Woods has proved himself, statistically, to be a great player.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This hypothesis is backed by a great deal of statistical information and factual, proven input through our own calculations. After finding our data online it was already clearly evident that Woods’ was a good player, but we wondered how much better he would seem after the math was done. We hope some of the following numbers impress you as much as they did us. The mean score of a PGA Tour Top 100 player is currently 70.63. Woods’ mean score is a dazzling 69.21. The total number of observations in our experiment was 104, because of certain PGA Tour ties within the averages. Our standard deviation, which is the measure of the spread of a distribution, was found to be .52 for the Top 100 scores. The inner quartile range (middle 50%) of the data is .81. This is the difference between quartile 3 and quartile 1, which are 71.06 and 70.25 respectively. The median, or middle of all 100 scores was 70.8, with a minimum score of 69.13 (#1 David Duval), and a maxim um of 71.24 (#100 Lee Rinker). To return to the basis of our project we found Woods’ standardized z-statistic, or how many standard deviations from the mean he lies, to be a –2.

Destructors/the Lottery Compare and Contrast Essay

While the characters in the two short stories Destructors by Gramham Greene and The Lottery by Shirley Jackson had unexpected endings the characters varied in qualities, emotions, and motivation. Each story seems to reveal a surprising outcome and turn of events as their personalities unfolded. As the climax grew the outcome was not so predictable. In the Destructors the main characters were T (Trevor), the house, and Mr. Thomas (Old Misery). Trevor was the new recruit and was described as being very silent and reserved. The author begins to paint a picture of how Trevor’s life used to be. It stated that his father use to be an architect but is now a clerk as they have â€Å"come down in the world† (Greene). His mother had even viewed herself as being better than the neighbors. Trevor was very upset with the middle class and wanted to take his revenge and frustrations out on a nearby neighbor’s house, Old Misery’s. Starved with envy he concocted a scheme to destroy the house not just by vandalizing the property but by literally destroying it from the inside out until there was nothing left. It seemed as though no one really new Trevor and would have envisioned what he was actually capable of. The emotions, attitudes, and the behaviors of Trevor were intense as he was obsessed with destroying Old Misery’s house. His emotions seem to get out of control as Mr. Thomas ends up arriving home early and the rest of the Gang is ready to bail as the fear of getting caught presents itself. â€Å"Trevor yells that it is not fair. † This statement is very important as it now reflects and shows the drive and passion for destroying Old Myserys house. Blacke a fellow gang member agrees to stay and complete the tasks at hand. I thought that Trevor was very selfish for his acts. It was not right to destroy someone’s home due to envy. Later in the story he shows his compassion as he locked the Mr. Thomas in the shed and gave him some food and a blanket so that he didn’t starve or get cold during the night while they completed the job. The motivation behind Trevor’s actions was that he was upset that his house and lifestyle had been destroyed. Statements early in the story like â€Å"Wren built that house father says† reflects that T was in deep though regarding Old Misery’s house. At first the text didn’t reveal his thought and actions but as the story was told his actions were known. There are various events in the story that make you question his motivation as they find Old Misery’s money. Blacke asked Trevor was he going to steal and he says no that they were not thieves and end up burning it. It’s odd that you can view taking money as a thief but not find fault in destroying someone’s home. The fact that he even burned Old Misery’s money depicted this overwhelming need for Old Misery to experience the financial strain that he and his family was experiencing. Unlike the Destructors who had only a few characters there were many characters that made a brief appearance in the story. The author really didn’t go into great detail regarding one individual but provides just enough to set the foundation of each character. The main characters of this short story were Tessie Hutchens and The Lottery. Tessie Hutchens played a major role as I felt she was the protagonist in the story. Tessie stands out from the beginning as she arrives late to the Lottery. The fact that she was doing house work and almost forgot what day it was shows that she had very little concern. The emotions, attitudes, and the behaviors of that of the Lottery were very similar to that of the Destructors. The community carried out this horrible tradition without a second thought. Tessie was very selfish as she was willing to sacrifice her family to save herself. Everyone was well aware of the rules and regulations of this traditional event. Bill Hutchinson selected the slip of paper that would put his family in the drawing for the Lottery. But once Tess had won the Lottery she goes into a rampage and panics stating â€Å"You didn’t give him enough time to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn’t fair! † She demanded a recount and gave various excuses why they should start over. During her outrage and panic she goes as far as to suggest that her daughter and son in law should be included in the Hutchinson family. The proctor of this event states â€Å"Daughters draw with their husbands’ families, Tessie, and that â€Å"You know that as well as anyone else. † It’s odd that she didn’t think enough of the Lottery to show up on time but now that she has won the Lottery it’s a different story. At first glance you couldn’t tell the motivation of Tess. As it wasn’t clear as to what the Lottery was. At first the story had a sense of calmness by all involved It wasn’t until the end of the story that it was revealed what the lottery actually meant.. The fact that Tess was protesting the matter showed that it could not be a good thing. Her panic was created in the fear of her being stoned to death. She was also willing to break a tradition that had been conducted for over 76 years because she had won. As long as she didn’t win the lottery she had very little concern. But in the end everyone around her was eager to carry out the tradition and get on with their day. The reasons of this tradition were never revealed but it was conveyed that this was something that was carried out every year without a second thought. Both of these stories carried very unbelievable and disturbing situations. In some ways they were alike and in others very different. In the destructors it was a bit concerning that a young boy could have so much anger towards a house and be mad because of his situation. As a result he then passed on that anger and resentment to a fellow neighbor. The character Trevor seemed to not think about anyone else but himself. The story left me feeling sorry for Mr. Thomas as he now had no house and money. In the Lottery its questionable on how so many people could go along with such a horrible tradition and the lack that no one would even question the validly of it. It also showed that Tess was very selfish as she was willing to sacrifice anyone but herself. It makes you wonder how a mother could even fathom to put their child in their place for such a heinous act. In the end this reveals a scary side of human nature.

Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix Essay

1. â€Å"There is no I in Team.† One for all and all for one best describes utilitarianism 2. â€Å"There is no I in team, but there is an M and a E (me).† To seek the greatest amount of pleasure for self and the majority of the group best describes Hedonism. 3. â€Å"I will do my best to do my duty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  To strive for excellence in everything you and others do and say best describes   Deontology. Multiple Choice 4. According to the Executive Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix, is an executive characterized as a weak â€Å"moral person† and a strong â€Å"moral manager.† a) Unethical leader b) Ethical leader c) Ethically neutral leader d) Hypocritical leader 5. According to the Executive Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix, is an executive characterized as a strong â€Å"moral person† and a strong â€Å"moral manager.† a) Unethical leader b) Ethical leader c) Ethically neutral leader d) Hypocritical leader 6. Which of the following is false? C a) Any attempt to change an organization’s ethics must consider the entire cultural system. b) A cultural system includes both formal and informal systems. c) An effective culture change may take as long as 1 to 2 years. d) New rules and values must be reinforced via training programs and reward systems. 7. Weak organizational cultures are: B a) desirable if an organization has many subcultures. b) desirable if an organization wants diversity of thought and action. c) desirable if an organization wants behavioral consistency. d) undesirable in all situations. 8. True or False? Given the less hierarchical organizational structures that are more common place today, it is less important to have strongly aligned ethical culture to guide employees in their independent decision-making. False 9. It is sufficient for executive leaders to be ethical persons and make ethical decisions. Employees do as they see. False 10. Cognitive moral development tells us that most people are looking outside of themselves for guidance on decision-making. This means that stated organizational policy can be an important source of guidance for employees in making decisions. True 11. The more a firm demands unquestioning obedience to authority, the more likely the firm will experience higher levels of unethical conduct among their employees. True 12. Describing the decision-making process in the language of ethics does not help individuals make more ethical decisions. False 13. An ethical culture is maintained through alignment between the formal and informal systems. True 14. A 2006 study found that 82 percent of Americans would prefer to be paid less but work for an ethical company than be paid more and work for an unethical company. True Reference: Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Strong organizational culture b) Weak organizational culture c) Socialization (or enculturation) 15. Standards and guidelines that are known and widely shared by all. A 16. Subcultures within divisions or departments that are more likely to guide behavior. B 17. Process promoted through formal and informal transmission of norms. C Reference: Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Heroes b) Norms c) Rituals d) Myths 18. Symbolically tells employees what the organization wants them to do and how it expects them to do it. C 19. Standards of behavior that are accepted as appropriate by members of a group. B 20. Symbolic figures who set standards of performance by modeling certain behaviors. A 21. Anecdotes about a sequence of events drawn from an organization’s history. D True or False? 22. It is unethical for managers to â€Å"control† employees’ ethical behavior through direct management and the organization’s formal and informal cultural systems. False Multiple Choice 23. Students may need more ethics training because research has found that they rank lower in moral reasoning than other students. a) Philosophy b) Political science c) Business d) Medicine 24. Ethical behavior can be influenced by a) an individual’s religion b) an organization’s culture c) ethical training d) an individual’s personality e) all of the above 25. According to the authors, ethical behavior is defined as: a) a set of moral principles or values that guide an individual b) rules of behavior set by the Federal government c) principles, norms, and standards agreed upon by society d) none of the above True or False? 26. According to the authors, most people are guided by a strict internal moral compass and will False 27. When employees come to an organization, they have already developed into â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad† apples. Therefore, there is little a manager can do to impact an employee’s ethical behavior. False 28. Federal laws define what is ethical. Therefore, all unethical behavior is considered unlawful. False 29. Discarding the few â€Å"bad apples† will usually solve all of the ethical problems within an organization. False Multiple Choice 30. of the following statements about the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Anti-Bribery Convention (the â€Å"Convention†) which are untrue. a.Participating countries include countries in Western Europe and North America b.The Convention requires signatories to make it a crime to bribe foreign public officials c.The Convention includes the application of criminal penalties d.The Convention bans gifts to political parties e.The Convention outlaws tax deductibility for bribes f.All are statements are true g.Statements d and e are untrue Bonus Questions: IBriefly describe and provide examples of three steps involved in changing an organization’s culture. 1. Diagnosis of the current state of the organization’s culture 2. Implementing a plan of change 3. Evaluating the state of the organizational culture after a plan has been implemented. IIIs there a difference between ethics, and morals? Explain your answer. Ethics is what is considered a right course of actions. (The Norm) Morals are what you consider a right course of action. (Personal Belief) IIIExplain why ethics without religion appears beneficial to the Theist as well as the Non-theist (Atheist)? Ethics without religion is an acceptable norm for theists and non-theists. An example of ethics without religion may include traffic lights. They are created for the greater good of society without regards to religious beliefs.